| |
| The NGRI Recommendations |
| List
of some significant earthquakes in India and its neighborhood |
| Gradients |
| The jutting flaws
for main doors |
| Operational flaws of
Doors |
| |
| |
It is more evident that
Ancient Vaasthu Scholars made the norms to withstand against
earthquakes. It can be seen in extension of wedge-shape
for stone columns, beams, and slabs in the construction
of temples, monuments, and houses in those days.
As per latest findings that went after
big earthquake hit turkey the loss of properties and lives
could have been reduced to 10% if the shear walls at particular
places might have built in each building in ground floor.
As per Vaasthu the 2/3rd portion of west and south should
be closed (without openings, windows, and ventilators).
This two walls act as right-angled shear wall for all buildings
built according to Vaasthu (specially for wall-bearing structures)
to withstand S-type seismic waves.
The architects and designers have to get
the seismic data from regional meteorological department
and follow the recommendations made before designing the
building. Following are the few recommendations of NGRI: |
| |
| THE
NGRI RECOMMENDATIONS |
The national geophysical
research institute at Hyderabad, in its report on earthquake
hazards in AP, INDIA and mitigation measures, in may 1999,
had placed Hyderabad in zone 2 of the seismic zoning map.
This means that Hyderabad could witness earthquakes of magnitudes
up to five on the ritcher scale.
In its upgraded zoning, the city has now
been placed in zone 3, indicating that it could witness
earthquakes of up to six on the ritcher scale.
The report prepared for the revenue department
of the state government states that there are no areas in
AP, which are free from earthquakes, and in fact, Hyderabad
lies in an area of “concentration” of earthquakes.
The report stated that in the recent past,
Hyderabad region had witnessed one earthquake below the
magnitude of 5; one of magnitude between 4 –4.9; two
of magnitudes between 3 – 3.9; and 14 earthquakes
with magnitudes below 3 on the ritcher scale.
The damage to various housing types in
the event of an earthquake would depend on the quake’s
intensity, soil conditions and various factors concerning
the construction itself, among these are architectural planning,
structural detailing, quality of construction and care taken
in maintenance.
In keeping with this, they prescribed certain
do’s and don’ts for brick houses. The most important
amongst which are: |
| |
| 1 |
The
building plan should be in a regular shape of a rectangle
or square. |
| 2 |
No wall in room should exceed 3.5m in hilly terrain
or use cross walls or pilasters. |
| 3 |
The height
of each story should be kept below 3.2m |
| 4 |
A skewed/deformed/cracked/badly
baked yellow brick with compression strength of less
than 35 kg/cm should be avoided and neither should be
a skewed or deformed hollow or solid concrete blocks
are used. |
| 5 |
The cement
and sand ratio should be not less than 1:6;that of lime
and sand 1:3 and cement and lime and sand 1:2:9. |
| 6 |
The foundation
should go at least 15 cm deep into the rocky earth,
which has been previously faltered |
| 7 |
Foundation
depth should at least be 50 cm in sandy soil or soil
with murrum and the width should be minimum of 75 cm. |
| 8 |
Thickness
of load bearing walls should be at least 20cm. |
| 9 |
Vertical
joints in each brick course should be discontinued. |
| 10 |
A lintel
band of reinforced concrete should be used over doors
and windows in each story. |
| 11 |
Horizontal
and vertical reinforcement bars should be used if a
gable band or truss cannot be used, when replacing a
wall in the triangular wall of the gable end. |
| 12 |
A 16mm
bar should be used on the ground floor and 12mm bar
elsewhere if the construction is 3 storied. |
| 13 |
The foundation
depth should be more than 1.2m wherever the depth of
black soil is more than 2000mm. |
| 14 |
Pedestal
poles and under-reamed piles should be used wherever
the depth of black soil is up to 2000mm. |
| 15 |
Bracing
should be used with trusses in tiled roofs. |
| 16 |
And flat
roofs should preferably be of RCC, iron girders or t-iron. |
| 17 |
17. The
APHC RECOMMENDATIONS |
| 18 |
The house
should be provided with two horizontal bands (at the
roof and lintel level) in addition to plinth beam in
case of weak soils. |
| 19 |
If horizontal
beams cannot be pre-cast corner l-shaped bands should
be provided. |
| 20 |
Vertical
reinforcements are a must on all corners |
| 21 |
Doors and
windows must be properly located and the lintel must
sufficiently long. |
| 22 |
One 8mm
rod all around the door and windows should be provided |
| 23 |
No cantilever
or projections should be allowed. |
|
| |
 |
| |
| List
of some significant earthquakes in India and its neighborhood |
| DATE |
EPICENTRE |
LOCATION |
MAGNITUDE |
| |
Lat(
Deg N ) |
Long(
Deg E ) |
|
|
| 1819 JUN 16 |
23.6 |
68.6 |
KUTCH,GUJARAT |
8 |
| 1869 JAN 10 |
25 |
93 |
NEAR CACHAR, ASSAM |
7.5 |
| 1885 MAY 30 |
34.1 |
74.6 |
SOPOR, J&K |
7 |
| 1897 JUN 12 |
26 |
91 |
SHILLONGPLATEAU |
8.7 |
| 1905 APR 04 |
32.3 |
76.3 |
KANGRA, H.P |
8 |
| 1918 JUL 08 |
24.5 |
91 |
SRIMANGAL, ASSAM |
7.6 |
| 1930 JUL 02 |
25.8 |
90.2 |
DHUBRI, ASSAM |
7.1 |
| 1934JAN 15 |
26.6 |
86.8 |
BIHAR-NEPALBORDER |
8.3 |
| 1941 JUN 26 |
12.4 |
92.5 |
ANDAMAN ISLANDS |
8.1 |
| 1943 OCT 23 |
26.8 |
94 |
ASSAM |
7.2 |
| 1950 AUG 15 |
28.5 |
96.7 |
ARUNACHAL PRADESH-CHINA BORDER |
8.5 |
| 1956 JUL 21 |
23.3 |
70 |
ANJAR, GUJARAT |
7 |
| 1967 DEC 10 |
17.37 |
73.75 |
KOYNA, MAHARASHTRA |
6.5 |
| 1975 JAN 19 |
32.38 |
78.49 |
KINNAUR, HP |
6.2 |
| 1988 AUG 06 |
25.13 |
95.15 |
MANIPUR-MYANMAR BORDER |
6.6 |
| 1988 AUG 21 |
26.72 |
86.63 |
BIHAR-NEPAL BORDER |
6.4 |
| 1991 OCT 20 |
30.75 |
78.86 |
UTTARKASHI, UP HILLS |
6.6 |
| 1993 SEP 30 |
18.07 |
76.62 |
LATUR-OSMANABAD, MAHARASHTRA |
6.3 |
| 1997 MAY 22 |
23.08 |
80.06 |
JABALPUR,MP |
6 |
| 1999 MAR 29 |
30.41 |
79.42 |
CHAMOLI DIST, UP |
6.8 |
| 2001 JAN 26 |
23.4 |
70.23 |
BHUJ , GUJARAT |
6.9 |
|
 |
| Gradients |
There
are few norms for the water (either rainwater or drainage
or sullage) flows from the house and the plot. As per vaasthu
these are good and bad results according to the direction
of flow of water: |
| Northeast |
prosperity |
| east |
health
and wealth |
| Southeast |
loss
of children |
| South |
separation |
| Southwest |
death |
| West |
wealth |
| northwest |
fear
of enemies |
| North |
joyous |
|
| And along all uchcha sthanas
are good as shown in figure. |
There
will be abundant of cosmic rays in northeast, east and north
which purifies and disinfects the water. |
|
| The
jutting flaws for main doors |
| Vaasthu gave the effect if
the main door faces the following: |
| If
the main door faces |
The
effect |
Reason |
| A Street |
destruction |
accidental intrusion
by heavily loaded vehicles. |
| A tree |
loss of children |
hindrance of cosmic rays. |
Corner of opposite
House
|
multiple worries |
meissner effect on layout (Irregular
Electro-magnetism) |
| Well |
epilepsy |
harmful gases present in wells. |
| Temple |
death of wife |
frequent visits of kith and kin. |
| Graveyard |
psychic problems |
coming in contact of diffused ash and
gases. |
| Flagpole |
penury |
hindrance of cosmic rays |
|
|
| |
| Operational
flaws of Doors |
| Vaasthu gave effect of flaws
of positioning and operation of doors. |
| |
| Condition
and position |
effect |
| If Door closes by itself |
mental
disorders |
| Opens by itself |
harm
to the family |
| Operates with difficulty |
agony |
| Fells inside |
loss
of property |
| Fells outside |
chances
of migration |
| Operates with sound |
fear
of theft |
|
| |
Vaasthu
suggests us designing the door without all these operational
difficulties in total.Some of these results can be experienced
significantly in long run. |
| |
| position |
Result |
| If the Door kept at northeast |
evil
effect of charaka |
| Southeast |
evil
effect of vidhari |
| Southwest |
evil
effect of puthana |
| Northwest |
evil
effect of papa (demon) |
|
| |
If the
main door provided at corners of the house in the place
of pilasters and weakens structure. They suggested us placing
the door keeping some space from the corners. Probably Vaasthu
Scholars might have given the place for demons outside the
plinth (area of construction) at corners to create the fear
of walking on that region to avoid doors on corners. |
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